农户林地经营的效率和适度规模问题探究——基于福建集体林区农户调查分析

在福建农户林地经营数据分析基础上,用DEA模型对样本农户杉木林经营投入产出相关数据进行运算处理,测算农户林地经营的产出效率、纯技术效率和规模效率,分析评价不同经营规模的林地与农户经营投入产出效率之间的关系、农户间林地经营规模效应的形式,认为林地经营面积在3.33 hm~2~6.67 hm~2之间的中等户是能够充分发挥林地经营各要素的潜力,实现较高的林地产出,满足社会需求,并适应不同的经济发展水平,给农户带来合意经济回报激励的适度规模。     

露水河林业局森林健康多尺度评价

作为我国森林分布的重要区域,长白山区在木材生产以及维护生态平衡中起着重要作用,承担着区域生态安全等重大责任,因而该区域的森林健康程度在很大程度上影响着其相应功能的发挥。基于露水河林业局森林资源二类调查数据和样地调查数据等,从森林小班、景观尺度构建森林健康评价指标。在森林经营小班尺度上,以现代系统科学理论为基础,从完整性、稳定性和可持续性3个方面初步构建健康评价指标,得到小班健康评价指标7个;在景观尺度上,以景观生态学理论为基础,从结构与格局、功能与过程两个方面初步构建健康评价指标,得到景观健康评价指标5个。在以上指标的基础上,分别对露水河林业局2003年、2010年的森林健康情况进行了评价和比较。结果表明:2003年与2010年,露水河林业局林分水平上处于中等健康和较不健康的最多,面积比例分别为35.32%、35.67%(2003年)和31.30%、40.26%(2010年),属于健康和不健康的小班较少,面积比分别占7.59%、7.71%(2003年)和14.98%、7.20%(2010年),两个年份相比,2010年健康林分的比例和较不健康林分的比例都有所增加。在景观尺度上,杂木林、胡桃楸林、水曲柳林、云杉林等森林景观健康情况较差,2010年与2003年相比,榆树林、樟子松林景观健康状况有了一定好转,而水曲柳林则仍然健康状况堪忧。因此,整体来看露水河林业局森林亟需进行健康经营和管理以提高健康等级。     

村集体在建立规模化家庭农场结构中的角色作用

文章基于土地流转背景下,以吉登斯的结构化理论为基础,构建以家庭农场主、土地流出户、村集体、地方政府为行动者的家庭农场结构,探讨在地方政府的引导与监督下,村集体与家庭农场主、土地流出户利益博弈的过程。分析村集体为了实现集体资产的保值增值,与家庭农场结构产生互动。村集体的行为既受到外部政策制度方面的约束,又受到内部管理自主性的约束;村集体通过自己的能动性反作用于家庭农场结构,最大限度地弥补外部政策制度的缺失,通过自己的实践经验突破家庭农场结构的内部制约。促使家庭农场结构不断改变,产生新的规则与资源,再形成新的结构,并在实践中接受新的调整与改变,经历新结构化过程,保持着动态的变迁。在与家庭农场结构的互动过程中,村集体发挥着沟通协调、经营协助、中介桥梁、引导服务等角色作用,实现农村集体经济的健康发展。同时促进家庭农场结构中各行动者利益的实现。     

Ethics of Chinese & Western tourists in Hong Kong

The potential for tension between tourists and residents due to tourist behaviour is rising. In such environment, understanding tourists’ ethical judgments of different scenarios is important. This study asks tourists and residents to ethically evaluate five different scenarios, using a multidimensional ethics scale and rate the likelihood they are to engage in these scenarios while at home and on vacation. An intercept survey of 1827 questionnaires were collected from Hong Kong residents, Mainland Chinese and Western tourists. Teleological ethical theories may justify actions that are deemed ethically inappropriate by deontology or ethics of justice. Western tourists are more likely to engage in unethical behaviour on holidays than at home. For Mainland Chinese visitors, the opposite is true.     

河南省城镇化与农业适度规模经营协调发展研究

河南省作为我国传统农业大省,具有发展农业规模经营的天然优势,随着农业土地流转速度加快,河南省农业适度规模化经营态势日益明显,农业基础条件设施逐步改善,现代农业技术和农地集约利用水平不断提高,农产品产量与品质稳步提升,适度规模经营效益逐步呈现。农业作为第一产业,是第二、第三产业不断发展的基础保障,随着农业的不断发展和生产力的不断提高,河南省也迎来了城镇化发展的黄金时期,而城镇化的加速推进必然伴随土地的占用增加,农业适度规模经营与城镇化统筹兼顾、协调发展,成为河南省城镇化引领"三化"协调发展的关键,也是加快区域经济协调发展的必经之路。文章着重对河南省农业适度规模经营以及城镇化现状进行探讨分析,旨在为河南省城镇化与农业适度规模经营的协调发展提出建设性意见。     

Returns to scale at large banks in the US: A random coefficient stochastic frontier approach

This paper investigates the returns to scale of large banks in the US over the period 1997–2010. This investigation is performed by estimating a random coefficient stochastic distance frontier model in the spirit of Tsionas (2002) and Greene (2005, 2008). The primary advantage of this model is that its coefficients can vary across banks, thereby allowing for unobserved technology heterogeneity among large banks in the US We find that failure to consider unobserved technology heterogeneity results in a misleading ranking of banks and mismeasured returns to scale. Our results show that the majority of large banks in the US exhibit constant returns to scale. In addition, our results suggest that banks of the same size can have different levels of returns to scale and there is no clear pattern among large banks in the US concerning the relationship between asset size and returns to scale, due to the presence of technology heterogeneity.     

村镇区域规划中统计数据空间化研究初探

随着3S技术的不断发展,该技术越来越多地被应用于农业、地质、灾害、林业、水利等各行各业;其中,统计数据的空间化研究被大家所关注。为了提高农村土地的利用率,以及提高人们的生活水平,村镇区域土地规划被提上议程。以往对于统计数据的研究集中于人口数据的空间化,尺度往往是省或县市,很少有对村镇级统计数据进行空间化的研究。针对村镇土地利用与土地整治规划中涉及的统计数据的空间化问题,文章选择重庆市巴南区石龙镇作为研究区,对收集到的空间数据进行空间参考系的统一,空间参考系为1980西安坐标系,通过对村镇统计数据进行分类,选择对人口与农用肥施用量数据进行空间化,以多个格网尺度对研究区进行格网化处理,结合土地利用空间数据,精确人口分布区域范围,并利用专家打分法,就土地利用类型分别对人口数据与农用化肥的影响力进行了打分,构建统计数据空间化模型,最后将空间化结果数据与数字高程模型进行空间分析,从而获取人口与农用肥施用的空间分布情况。得到以下结论:(1)研究区数据空间化的格网尺度与原始数据的空间分辨率相关,研究对象的尺度为村级,土地利用数据的空间分辨率为1m时,研究区人口与农用肥统计数据空间化的适宜尺度均为10m。(2)不同统计数据的空间分布与高程的关系紧密,其中人口资源多分布在相对比较平坦的丘陵区与沟谷区。而农用肥主要施用对象为旱地、果园、茶园等地方,地貌类型为沟谷平原、丘陵及山地等。该研究对于从地理空间角度进行村镇区域规划具有重要指导意义。     

Measuring customer-based place brand equity (CBPBE): an investment attractiveness perspective

Place branding has increasingly gained attention in last the two decades. However, there is a lack of measuring instrument for place branding effectiveness and subsequent place brand equity. This study develops a measurement instrument for customer-based place brand equity (CBPBE) for a place from the investment attractiveness perspective. Exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis were used which resulted in an 11-item CBPBE scale. The dimensions of the scale consist of brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. The study makes both theoretical and managerial contributions by offering a refined scale for the measurement of CBPBE which provides a tool for effective place branding activities and strategies.     

地矿企业集团发展趋势探讨

文章对地质矿产企业集团建设中 ,如何建立母子公司体制 ,如何形成规模经济 ,如何突出主业、带动相关产业 ,如何进入资本市场直接融资 ,如何适应新经济等发展趋势进行了探讨 ,并提出了如何利用这些趋势 ,将地矿企业集团做强、做大、做出规模的对策建议。     

Estimating Cost Functions of Malaysian Commercial Banks: The Differential Effects of Size,Location, and Ownership*

Bank integration and competition policies are a core part of current financial reforms intended to strengthen the financial sector in Malaysia. This paper intends to clarify the production technology employed in Malaysian banks and indicate important policy implications for current bank consolidation policy. While it is essential to conduct a microeconomic analysis of the banking sector to appraise financial reform policy, Katib and Mathews (2000) is the only formal study in this area that uses micro level data on Malaysian banks. Our analysis expands on Katib and Mathews’ study in three aspects. Firstly, while Katib and Mathews employed Data Envelopment Analysis, we use estimation analysis based on a parametric approach. Secondly, we examine technological differences among Malaysian banks according to the size of operations, location of branches and ownership structure. Thirdly, we also explicitly incorporate the existence of hidden bad loans in estimating cost functions. According to our estimation analysis, there is a difference in production technology between large‐sized banks and small or medium‐sized banks. While economies of scale are observed for large‐sized banks, no economies of scope and technological progress are observed for any banks. The results of our analysis suggest that, while the current reform policy is basically appropriate, serious problems remain regarding bank consolidation and the lack of market competition.